Ethereum: root tests and Merkle’s Merkle
Merkle Trees in Ethereum: an explanation in depth
Ethereum, a decentralized platform for intelligent contracts and decentralized applications (Dapps), uses various cryptographic techniques to ensure the integrity and authenticity of data stored in its chain. One of these techniques is Merkle’s tree.
What is a Merkle tree?
A Merkle tree is a data structure that allows an efficient calculation of hash functions, which makes it appropriate for use in multiple blockchain applications. It consists of several blocks or transactions linked to form a single block. Each node in the tree represents a specific transaction or block, and each leaf node contains only one certain information.
MERKLE ROOT
Merkle’s root is the root node of the Merkle tree. It is essentially the “hash value” that connects all other knots. Merkle’s root is used to create hash functions for various transactions or blocks on the tree, which are then expensive computational to calculate, but provide a fixed size output.
Why Merkle’s trees are claimed as safe
It is alleged that Merkle trees are safe because they use cryptographic techniques that prevent attackers who manipulate data stored in the chain. Specifically:
* HASH functions resistant to collision : The use of hash functions, combined with the Merkle tree structure, makes it computantly expensive for an invader to find a collision (ie two different inputs that produce the same output) . This property avoids many types of attacks.
* without repudiation
: Through the use of several transactions attached to a Merkle tree, each block can be linked to its predecessor and successor, which makes an invader difficult to falsify the data or claim that they were not involved.
Practical implications
Merkle trees have significant practical implications:
* Efficient calculation of hash functions : They allow the rapid calculation of hash functions, which makes them suitable for use in real applications.
* Scalability : Using various data transactions and structures, Merkle trees can be used to expand the Ethereum network.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Merkle tree is a powerful tool that allows the creation of safe and efficient block chain data structures. Your ability to use hash -resistant functions and non -repudiation properties make you an attractive option for various applications in the Ethereum ecosystem.
Additional resources:
- [Ethereum 2.0: Merkle Tree] (
- [MERKLE TESTS IN ETHERUM] (
Example of a Merkle test:
This is an example of how a Merkle test can be used to verify the integrity of data stored in the Ethereum chain. Given two blocks block1 Yblock2, we can calculate its Merkle root using the following steps:
`Merkle
Block1: 0x ... block1 hash ...
Block2: 0x ... block2 hash ...
MERKLE ROOT: 0x ... (Calculated hash value)
To check ifblock11 eblock2 are linked, we can calculate the Merkle test using their respective Merkle roots:
`Merkle
Block1: 0x Merkle Test ... block1 hash ...
Block2: 0x Merkle test ... block2 hash ...
Block1-Merkle Block Block Test1 root: 0x ...
The resulting Merkle root0x …` compares the actual data stored in both blocks. If they agree, make sure the two blocks are safely united and any attempt to change or manipulate the data is detectable.
Example Use case:
Suppose we want to implement an intelligent contract that uses blockchain data structures to verify the integrity of the user input. We can create a Merkle tree using multiple transactions and store your hash in a centralized index.